真主(الله)的特性中，那些特性是每一個穆斯林( مُسْلِم)
必須知道的     

There are thirteen attributes of Allah that every Muslim is required to know:

真主(الله)的無限多個特性中，以下的十三個特性是每一個有責任者（ ُمكلَّـف）必須知道的，這十三個特性就是：

（一）الـْوُجُود ُ（存在）:
قال الله تعالى：  " أفي اللّهِ شَك "      إبْـرَاهِيم 14/10
真主(الله)的存在與我們的存在完全不同。
祂存在，但不佔空間。
創造空間之前，真主(الله)就已經存在。
我們會變，而 真主(الله)不會變。    

(1) Allah Exists

Allah exists without a place.

1. Allah existed before He created place and Allah still exists without a place.

2. Allah does not change.

（二）الـْمُخالـَفةُ لِلْحَوَدَثِ（不像一切萬物的）:
قال الله تعالى :"ليس كمثله شىءٌ" الشورى 11/42
真主(الله)創造宇宙萬物，  祂不像任何一個被造物。 被造物需要依賴其他，依賴其他是一個缺點，如果 真主(الله)像任何一個被造物，那麼  祂就需要依賴其他，而依賴其他是一個缺點，健全的理智了解 真主(الله)不可能有缺點。
真主(الله)創造一切，  祂不像一切。
祂永遠不會變，而所有的被造物都會改變。
祂不會死，我們會死。　　
祂是無限的，一切萬物都是有限的。
祂不是光，光可以照射也可以被遮蔽。     
祂不是靈魂，人類以及動物才有靈魂。
祂不像任何我們所想像的。  

(2) Allah does not resemble any of His creations

God does not resemble any of His creations. If Allah resembled any of His creations, He would be susceptible to the same things the creations are susceptible to. This is a weakness that is unacceptable to the sound intellect.

1. Allah created everything, He does not resemble anything.

2. Allah does not die, man dies.

3. Allah is not light, light can be turned on and off.

4. Allah is not color, Allah created color.

5. Allah is not spirit, spirit is found in man and animals.

Whatever you can imagine in your mind, Allah does not resemble it.

（三）الـْقِِدمُ（無始）:
 قال الله تعالى :" هو الاول " الحديد 3/57
真主(الله)永遠存在，祂的存在是無始的。                      
祂的特性都是無始的。                            
祂是完美的，沒有任何缺點的。

(3) Allah has no beginning

Allah has always existed and has no beginning to His existence.

1. All of God's attributes have no beginning.

2. Allah is perfect.

(4) Allah has no end

Allah has no end to His existence.

1. Allah does not die. Just as Allah has no beginning to His existence, He has no end.

2. All of God's attributes have no end.

3. Allah does not change.

（五） القيامُ بالنَّفْس（不需要一切的）:
قال الله تعالى :"فإنّ اللهَ غنيٌّ عن العالمين"  آل عمران 97/3
真主(الله)永遠不會改變。
祂創造我們之前，就已經存在。 
祂創造我們之後，仍然存在沒有改變。
真主(الله)不依賴我們，不管我們服不服從祂。
祂絕不會得到任何利益或受到任何損害。  

(5) Allah does not need anything.

Allah does not need anything

1. Allah does not change.

2. Allah existed before He created us and His existence does not change.

3. Allah is not dependent on us.

4. Allah does not benefit, whether we are obedient or not.

(6) Allah is One

1. Allah is the sole Creator. No one and nothing creates except Allah .

2. Allah is indivisible.

3. Allah has no partner nor counterpart.

4. Allah does not have a wife nor a child.

(7) Allah has the attribute of power

Allah has the power to do whatever He wills.

1. God's power is related only to those things which are possible to the sound intellect, even those things which are not currently in existence.

2. God has power over everything in this world (world here means all creations).

(8) Allah has the attribute of will

Allah has the attribute of will. What Allah wills, will be, what Allah doesn't will, won't be.

1. Something can only exist, if Allah wills for it to exist.

2. God's will does not have a beginning or an end.

3. God's will does not change.

4. Everything is predestined.

(9) Allah has the attribute of knowledge

Allah knows everything.

1. Allah knows what happened.

2. Allah knows what is happening.

3. Allah knows what will happen.

4. God's knowledge is perfect.

5. God's knowledge does not have a beginning or an end.

(10) Allah has the attribute of life

Allah has the attribute of life, but God's life is not like ours. We are alive with body and spirit.

1. Allah does not have a body or spirit.

2. Allah does not resemble man.

3. God's life does not have a beginning or an end.

(11) Allah has the attribute of hearing

Allah does not resemble any of His creations, Allah hears.

1. Allah hears everything, no matter how soft or loud.

2. God's hearing does not depend on sound waves.

3. God's hearing is not like man's.

4. Allah does not have an ear.

(12) Allah has the attribute of sight

Allah does not resemble any of His creations, Allah sees everything.

1. God's sight is not like ours.

2. God's sight does not depend on the amount of light.

3. Allah does not have an organ. Organs are not attributed to Allah .

You can never do anything which is not seen by Allah , because Allah sees everything.

               （十三）الْـكَلامُ（話）:
          قال الله تعالى :" وكلم الله موسى تكليما " النساء 64/4
真主(الله)與  祂所創造的一切萬物完全不同，
真主(الله)有 الْـكَلامُ(話) 的特性 。      
真主(الله)的「話」與我們的「話」完全不同。
真主(الله)的「話」不是聲音或語言。
真主(الله)的「話」不像我們的話，我們需要依靠媒介物(如：
             空氣或水等)來傳達。
祂的「話」不像我們的話。
祂的「話」不是在我們的耳朵而起共鳴。
祂的「話」是無始無終的。
祂的「話」是永恆而不停止的。

(13) Allah has the attribute of Ka'lam

Allah does not resemble any of His creations, Allah has the attribute of Ka'lam. Ka'lam might be translated as speech.

1. God's Ka'lam is not like our ka'lam.

2. God's Ka'lam is not a sound or a language.

3. It does not depend on traveling through a medium such as air.

4. It does not resemble our speech.

5. It does not resonate in our ear.

6. It has no beginning and no end.

7. It does not start and stop.

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